References
WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard [Internet]. World
Health Organization; [cited 2023 May 17]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/
Lyons-Weiler J. The Use of Arbitrary and Generalized Ct
Values in COVID-19 Non-Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase
Chain Reaction (nonQ-RT-PCR) Testing Must End. Science, Public Health
Policy and the Law. 2022 Nov 01; v4.2019-2024
Kuter BJ, Offit PA, Poland GA. The development of
COVID-19 vaccines in the United States: Why and how so fast? Vaccine.
2021 Apr 28;39(18):2491-2495. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.077. Epub
2021 Mar 26. PMID: 33824043; PMCID: PMC7997594
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.077
Graña C, Ghosn L, Evrenoglou T, Jarde A, Minozzi S,
Bergman H, Buckley BS, Probyn K, Villanueva G, Henschke N, Bonnet H,
Assi R, Menon S, Marti M, Devane D, Mallon P, Lelievre JD, Askie LM,
Kredo T, Ferrand G, Davidson M, Riveros C, Tovey D, Meerpohl JJ,
Grasselli G, Rada G, Hróbjartsson A, Ravaud P, Chaimani A, Boutron I.
Efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2022 Dec 7;12(12):CD015477. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015477. PMID:
36473651; PMCID: PMC9726273. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015477
Trougakos IP, Terpos E, Alexopoulos H, Politou M,
Paraskevis D, Scorilas A, Kastritis E, Andreakos E, Dimopoulos MA.
Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: the spike hypothesis. Trends
Mol Med. 2022 Jul;28(7):542-554. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.007. Epub
2022 Apr 21. PMID: 35537987; PMCID: PMC9021367.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.007
Seneff S, Nigh G, Kyriakopoulos AM, McCullough PA.
Innate immune suppression by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations: The role of
G-quadruplexes, exosomes, and MicroRNAs. Food Chem Toxicol. 2022
Jun;164:113008. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113008. Epub 2022 Apr 15. PMID:
35436552; PMCID: PMC9012513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2022.113008
Uversky VN, Redwan EM, Makis W, Rubio-Casillas A. IgG4
Antibodies Induced by Repeated Vaccination May Generate Immune Tolerance
to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 May
17;11(5):991. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11050991. PMID: 37243095; PMCID:
PMC10222767. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11050991
Theoharides TC. Could SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Be
Responsible for Long-COVID Syndrome? Mol Neurobiol. 2022
Mar;59(3):1850-1861. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02696-0. Epub 2022 Jan 13.
PMID: 35028901; PMCID: PMC8757925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-021-02696-0
Theoharides TC, Conti P. Be aware of SARS-CoV-2 spike
protein: There is more than meets the eye. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents.
2021 May-Jun;35(3):833-838. doi: 10.23812/THEO_EDIT_3_21. PMID:
34100279. https://doi.org/10.23812/THEO_EDIT_3_21
Aleem A, Nadeem AJ. Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT). 2022 Oct 3.
In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing;
2023 Jan–. PMID: 34033367.
Bozkurt B, Kamat I, Hotez PJ. Myocarditis With COVID-19
mRNA Vaccines. Circulation. 2021 Aug 10;144(6):471-484. doi:
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056135. Epub 2021 Jul 20. PMID: 34281357;
PMCID: PMC8340726. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056135
Yonker LM, Swank Z, Bartsch YC, Burns MD, Kane A,
Boribong BP, Davis JP, Loiselle M, Novak T, Senussi Y, Cheng CA, Burgess
E, Edlow AG, Chou J, Dionne A, Balaguru D, Lahoud-Rahme M, Arditi M,
Julg B, Randolph AG, Alter G, Fasano A, Walt DR. Circulating Spike
Protein Detected in Post-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis. Circulation.
2023 Mar 14;147(11):867-876. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061025.
Epub 2023 Jan 4. PMID: 36597886; PMCID: PMC10010667.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061025
Castruita JAS, Schneider UV, Mollerup S, Leineweber TD,
Weis N, Bukh J, Pedersen MS, Westh H. SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccine
sequences circulate in blood up to 28 days after COVID-19 vaccination.
APMIS. 2023 Mar;131(3):128-132. doi: 10.1111/apm.13294. Epub 2023 Jan
29. PMID: 36647776; PMCID: PMC10107710.
https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.13294
Parry PI, Lefringhausen A, Turni C, et al.
‘Spikeopathy’: COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and
Vaccine mRNA. Biomedicines. 2023;11(8):2287. Published 2023 Aug 17.
doi:10.3390/biomedicines11082287 https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082287
Harald Walach, Rainer J. Klement, and Wouter Aukema.
2021. The Safety of COVID-19 Vaccinations – Should We Rethink the
Policy? Sci, Publ Health Pol & Law 3:87-99.
Scarl R, Parkinson B, Arole V, Hardy T, Allenby P. The
hospital autopsy: the importance in keeping autopsy an option. Autopsy
Case Rep. 2022 Feb 17;12:e2021333. doi: 10.4322/acr.2021.333. PMID:
35252044; PMCID: PMC8890781. https://doi.org/10.4322/acr.2021.333
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG; PRISMA
Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and
meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009
Oct;62(10):1006-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005. Epub 2009 Jul
23. PMID: 19631508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005
Hojberg Y, Abdeljaber M, Prahlow JA. Generalized
Eosinophilia Following Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Administration: A Case
Report. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2023 Mar;13(1):9-15. doi:
10.1177/19253621231157933. Epub 2023 Mar 28. PMID: 37091194; PMCID:
PMC10119868. https://doi.org/10.1177/19253621231157933
Nushida H, Ito A, Kurata H, Umemoto H, Tokunaga I, Iseki
H, Nishimura A. A case of fatal multi-organ inflammation following
COVID-19 vaccination. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2023 Mar 20;63:102244. doi:
10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102244. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36990036;
PMCID: PMC10027302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102244
Jeon YH, Choi S, Park JH, Lee JK, Yeo NS, Lee S, Suh YL.
Sudden Death Associated With Possible Flare-Ups of Multiple Sclerosis
After COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection: A Case Report and Literature
Review. J Korean Med Sci. 2023 Mar 13;38(10):e78. doi:
10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e78. PMID: 36918031; PMCID: PMC10010908.
https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e78
Esposito M, Cocimano G, Vanaria F, Sessa F, Salerno M.
Death from COVID-19 in a Fully Vaccinated Subject: A Complete Autopsy
Report. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jan 9;11(1):142. doi:
10.3390/vaccines11010142. PMID: 36679987; PMCID: PMC9865400.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010142
Chaves JJ, Bonilla JC, Chaves-Cabezas V, Castro A, Polo
JF, Mendoza O, Correa-Rodríguez J, Piedrahita AC, Romero-Fandiño IA,
Caro MV, González AC, Sánchez LK, Murcia F, Márquez G, Benavides A,
Quiroga MDP, López J, Parra-Medina R. A postmortem study of patients
vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia. Rev Esp Patol. 2023
Jan-Mar;56(1):4-9. doi: 10.1016/j.patol.2022.09.003. Epub 2022 Oct 31.
PMID: 36599599; PMCID: PMC9618417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patol.2022.09.003
Mörz M. A Case Report: Multifocal Necrotizing
Encephalitis and Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination against
COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Oct 1;10(10):1651. doi:
10.3390/vaccines10101651. PMID: 36298516; PMCID: PMC9611676.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101651
Alunni V, Bernardi C, Chevalier N, Cabusat C,
Quatrehomme G, Torrents J, Biglia E, Gaillard Y, Drici MD. Postmortem
PF4 antibodies confirm a rare case of thrombosis thrombocytopenia
syndrome associated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 anti-COVID vaccination. Int J
Legal Med. 2023 Mar;137(2):487-492. doi: 10.1007/s00414-022-02910-1.
Epub 2022 Oct 27. PMID: 36289074; PMCID: PMC9607767.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-022-02910-1
Takahashi M, Kondo T, Yamasaki G, Sugimoto M, Asano M,
Ueno Y, Nagasaki Y. An autopsy case report of aortic dissection
complicated with histiolymphocytic pericarditis and aortic inflammation
after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2022 Nov;59:102154.
doi: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102154. Epub 2022 Sep 29. PMID: 36191411;
PMCID: PMC9519380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102154
Murata K, Nakao N, Ishiuchi N, Fukui T, Katsuya N,
Fukumoto W, Oka H, Yoshikawa N, Nagao T, Namera A, Kakimoto N, Oue N,
Awai K, Yoshimoto K, Nagao M. Four cases of cytokine storm after
COVID-19 vaccination: Case report. Front Immunol. 2022 Aug 15;13:967226.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967226. PMID: 36045681; PMCID: PMC9420842.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.967226
Satomi H, Katano H, Kanno H, Kobayashi M, Ohkuma Y,
Hashidume N, Usui T, Tsukada S, Ito I. An autopsy case of fulminant
myocarditis after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
vaccine inoculation. Pathol Int. 2022 Oct;72(10):519-524. doi:
10.1111/pin.13267. Epub 2022 Aug 30. PMID: 36040128; PMCID: PMC9537995.
https://doi.org/10.1111/pin.13267
Suzuki H, Ro A, Takada A, Saito K, Hayashi K. Autopsy
findings of post-COVID-19 vaccination deaths in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan,
2021. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2022 Nov;59:102134. doi:
10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102134. Epub 2022 Aug 20. PMID: 36037554; PMCID:
PMC9392553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102134
Mele F, Tafuri S, Stefanizzi P, D Amati A, Calvano M,
Leonardelli M, Macorano E, Duma S, De Gabriele G, Introna F, De Donno A.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination and
congenital deficiency of coagulation factors: Is there a correlation?
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 Nov 30;18(6):2095166. doi:
10.1080/21645515.2022.2095166. Epub 2022 Jul 27. PMID: 35895937; PMCID:
PMC9746424. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2022.2095166
Yoshimura Y, Sasaki H, Miyata N, Miyazaki K, Okudela K,
Tateishi Y, Hayashi H, Kawana-Tachikawa A, Iwashita H, Maeda K, Ihama Y,
Hatayama Y, Ryo A, Tachikawa N. An autopsy case of COVID-19-like acute
respiratory distress syndrome after mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Int J Infect Dis. 2022 Aug;121:98-101. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.057.
Epub 2022 Apr 30. PMID: 35500794; PMCID: PMC9054706.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.057
Roncati L, Manenti A, Corsi L. A Three-Case Series of
Thrombotic Deaths in Patients over 50 with Comorbidities Temporally
after modRNA COVID-19 Vaccination. Pathogens. 2022 Apr 3;11(4):435. doi:
10.3390/pathogens11040435. PMID: 35456110; PMCID: PMC9032304.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040435
Kang DH, Na JY, Yang JH, Moon SH, Kim SH, Jung JJ, Cha
HJ, Ahn JH, Park YW, Cho SY, Yu HK, Lee SH, Park MY, Kim JW, Byun JH.
Fulminant Giant Cell Myocarditis following Heterologous Vaccination of
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022
Mar 20;58(3):449. doi: 10.3390/medicina58030449. PMID: 35334625; PMCID:
PMC8950462. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58030449
Kamura Y, Terao T, Akao S, Kono Y, Honma K, Matsue K.
Fatal thrombotic microangiopathy with rhabdomyolysis as an initial
symptom after the first dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine: A case report. Int J
Infect Dis. 2022 Apr;117:322-325. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.031. Epub
2022 Feb 18. PMID: 35189339; PMCID: PMC8853962.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.031
Ishioka Y, Makiguchi T, Itoga M, Tanaka H, Taima K, Goto
S, Tasaka S. Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease After
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Series. Chest. 2022 Dec;162(6):e311-e316.
doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.08.2213. PMID: 36494131; PMCID: PMC9723271.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2022.08.2213
Gill JR, Tashjian R, Duncanson E. Autopsy
Histopathologic Cardiac Findings in 2 Adolescents Following the Second
COVID-19 Vaccine Dose. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2022 Aug 1;146(8):925-929.
doi: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0435-SA. PMID: 35157759.
https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2021-0435-SA
Pomara C, Salerno M, Esposito M, Sessa F, Certo F,
Tripodo C, Rappa F, Barbagallo GM. Histological and immunohistochemical
findings in a fatal case of thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1
nCov-19 vaccination. Pathol Res Pract. 2022 Mar;231:153796. doi:
10.1016/j.prp.2022.153796. Epub 2022 Feb 4. PMID: 35144085.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2022.153796
Yeo A, Kuek B, Lau M, Tan SR, Chan S. Post COVID-19
vaccine deaths – Singapore’s early experience. Forensic Sci Int. 2022
Jan 19;332:111199. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111199. Epub ahead of
print. PMID: 35078041; PMCID: PMC8767909.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111199
Ameratunga R, Woon ST, Sheppard MN, Garland J,
Ondruschka B, Wong CX, Stewart RAH, Tatley M, Stables SR, Tse RD. First
Identified Case of Fatal Fulminant Necrotizing Eosinophilic Myocarditis
Following the Initial Dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine
(BNT162b2, Comirnaty): an Extremely Rare Idiosyncratic Hypersensitivity
Reaction. J Clin Immunol. 2022 Apr;42(3):441-447. doi:
10.1007/s10875-021-01187-0. Epub 2022 Jan 3. PMID: 34978002; PMCID:
PMC8720536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-021-01187-0
Günther A, Brämer D, Pletz MW, Kamradt T, Baumgart S,
Mayer TE, Baier M, Autsch A, Mawrin C, Schönborn L, Greinacher A, Thiele
T. Complicated Long Term Vaccine Induced Thrombotic Immune
Thrombocytopenia-A Case Report. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Nov
17;9(11):1344. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9111344. PMID: 34835275; PMCID:
PMC8622649. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111344
Permezel F, Borojevic B, Lau S, de Boer HH. Acute
disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following recent
Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2022
Mar;18(1):74-79. doi: 10.1007/s12024-021-00440-7. Epub 2021 Nov 4. PMID:
34735684; PMCID: PMC8567127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-021-00440-7
Choi S, Lee S, Seo JW, Kim MJ, Jeon YH, Park JH, Lee JK,
Yeo NS. Myocarditis-induced Sudden Death after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19
Vaccination in Korea: Case Report Focusing on Histopathological
Findings. J Korean Med Sci. 2021 Oct 18;36(40):e286. doi:
10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e286. PMID: 34664804; PMCID: PMC8524235.
https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e286
Schneider J, Sottmann L, Greinacher A, Hagen M, Kasper
HU, Kuhnen C, Schlepper S, Schmidt S, Schulz R, Thiele T, Thomas C,
Schmeling A. Postmortem investigation of fatalities following
vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines. Int J Legal Med. 2021
Nov;135(6):2335-2345. doi: 10.1007/s00414-021-02706-9. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
PMID: 34591186; PMCID: PMC8482743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02706-9
Schneider J, Sottmann L, Greinacher A, Hagen M, Kasper
HU, Kuhnen C, Schlepper S, Schmidt S, Schulz R, Thiele T, Thomas C,
Schmeling A. Postmortem investigation of fatalities following
vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines. Int J Legal Med. 2021
Nov;135(6):2335-2345. doi: 10.1007/s00414-021-02706-9. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
PMID: 34591186; PMCID: PMC8482743. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2109975
Wiedmann M, Skattør T, Stray-Pedersen A, Romundstad L,
Antal EA, Marthinsen PB, Sørvoll IH, Leiknes Ernstsen S, Lund CG, Holme
PA, Johansen TO, Brunborg C, Aamodt AH, Schultz NH, Skagen K, Skjelland
M. Vaccine Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Causing a Severe
Form of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis With High Fatality Rate: A Case
Series. Front Neurol. 2021 Jul 30;12:721146. doi:
10.3389/fneur.2021.721146. PMID: 34393988; PMCID: PMC8363077.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.721146
Pomara C, Sessa F, Ciaccio M, Dieli F, Esposito M,
Giammanco GM, Garozzo SF, Giarratano A, Prati D, Rappa F, Salerno M,
Tripodo C, Mannucci PM, Zamboni P. COVID-19 Vaccine and Death: Causality
Algorithm According to the WHO Eligibility Diagnosis. Diagnostics
(Basel). 2021 May 26;11(6):955. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11060955. PMID:
34073536; PMCID: PMC8229116. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060955
Althaus K, Möller P, Uzun G, Singh A, Beck A, Bettag M,
Bösmüller H, Guthoff M, Dorn F, Petzold GC, Henkes H, Heyne N, Jumaa H,
Kreiser K, Limpach C, Luz B, Maschke M, Müller JA, Münch J, Nagel S,
Pötzsch B, Müller J, Schlegel C, Viardot A, Bäzner H, Wolf M, Pelzl L,
Warm V, Willinek WA, Steiner J, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Vollherbst D,
Sachs UJ, Fend F, Bakchoul T. Antibody-mediated procoagulant platelets
in SARS-CoV-2-vaccination associated immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia.
Haematologica. 2021 Aug 1;106(8):2170-2179. doi:
10.3324/haematol.2021.279000. PMID: 34011137; PMCID: PMC8327736.
https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2021.279000
Edler C, Klein A, Schröder AS, Sperhake JP, Ondruschka
B. Deaths associated with newly launched SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
(Comirnaty®). Leg Med (Tokyo). 2021 Jul;51:101895. doi:
10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101895. Epub 2021 Apr 17. PMID: 33895650; PMCID:
PMC8052499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101895
Hansen T, Titze U, Kulamadayil-Heidenreich NSA,
Glombitza S, Tebbe JJ, Röcken C, Schulz B, Weise M, Wilkens L. First
case of postmortem study in a patient vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Int
J Infect Dis. 2021 Jun;107:172-175. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.053.
Epub 2021 Apr 16. PMID: 33872783; PMCID: PMC8051011.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.053
Baronti A, Gentile F, Manetti AC, Scatena A, Pellegrini
S, Pucci A, Franzini M, Castiglione V, Maiese A, Giannoni A, Pistello M,
Emdin M, Aquaro GD, Di Paolo M. Myocardial Infarction Following
COVID-19 Vaccine Administration: Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc? Viruses.
2022 Jul 27;14(8):1644. doi: 10.3390/v14081644. PMID: 36016266; PMCID:
PMC9413746. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14081644
Ittiwut C, Mahasirimongkol S, Srisont S, Ittiwut R,
Chockjamsai M, Durongkadech P, Sawaengdee W, Khunphon A, Larpadisorn K,
Wattanapokayakit S, Wetchaphanphesat S, Arunotong S, Srimahachota S,
Pittayawonganon C, Thammawijaya P, Sutdan D, Doungngern P,
Khongphatthanayothin A, Kerr SJ, Shotelersuk V. Genetic basis of sudden
death after COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand. Heart Rhythm. 2022 Aug
5;19(11):1874–9. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.07.019. Epub ahead of print.
PMID: 35934244; PMCID: PMC9352648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.07.019
Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, Weisser K, Kyrle
PA, Eichinger S. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19
Vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jun 3;384(22):2092-2101. doi:
10.1056/NEJMoa2104840. Epub 2021 Apr 9. PMID: 33835769; PMCID:
PMC8095372. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2104840
Mauriello A, Scimeca M, Amelio I, Massoud R, Novelli A,
Di Lorenzo F, Finocchiaro S, Cimino C, Telesca R, Chiocchi M, Sun Q,
Wang Y, Shi Y, Novelli G, Melino G. Thromboembolism after COVID-19
vaccine in patients with preexisting thrombocytopenia. Cell Death Dis.
2021 Aug 3;12(8):762. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-04058-z. PMID: 34344867;
PMCID: PMC8328816. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-04058-z
Bjørnstad-Tuveng TH, Rudjord A, Anker P. Fatal cerebral
haemorrhage after COVID-19 vaccine. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2021 Apr
29;141. English, Norwegian. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0312. PMID:
33928772. https://doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.21.0312
Scully M, Singh D, Lown R, Poles A, Solomon T, Levi M,
Goldblatt D, Kotoucek P, Thomas W, Lester W. Pathologic Antibodies to
Platelet Factor 4 after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021
Jun 10;384(23):2202-2211. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2105385. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
PMID: 33861525; PMCID: PMC8112532. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2105385
Choi GJ, Baek SH, Kim J, Kim JH, Kwon GY, Kim DK, Jung
YH, Kim S. Fatal Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome after
SARS-CoV-2Vaccination in Patient with Multiple Myeloma. Emerg Infect
Dis. 2021 Nov;27(11):2973-2975. doi: 10.3201/eid2711.211723. Epub 2021
Aug 30. PMID: 34459725; PMCID: PMC8544977.
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2711.211723
Schwab C, Domke LM, Hartmann L, Stenzinger A, Longerich
T, Schirmacher P. Autopsy-based histopathological characterization of
myocarditis after anti-SARS-CoV-2-vaccination. Clin Res Cardiol. 2023
Mar;112(3):431-440. doi: 10.1007/s00392-022-02129-5. Epub 2022 Nov 27.
PMID: 36436002; PMCID: PMC9702955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-022-02129-5
Hirschbühl K, Schaller T, Märkl B, Claus R, Sipos E,
Rentschler L, Maccagno A, Grosser B, Kling E, Neidig M, Kröncke T,
Spring O, Braun G, Bösmüller H, Seidl M, Esposito I, Pablik J,
Hilsenbeck J, Boor P, Beer M, Dintner S, Wylezich C. High viral loads:
what drives fatal cases of COVID-19 in vaccinees? – an autopsy study.
Mod Pathol. 2022 Aug;35(8):1013-1021. doi: 10.1038/s41379-022-01069-9.
Epub 2022 Apr 1. PMID: 35365771; PMCID: PMC8974809.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-022-01069-9
Hoshino N, Yanase M, Ichiyasu T, Kuwahara K, Kawai H,
Muramatsu T, Ishii H, Tsukamoto T, Morimoto SI, Izawa H. An autopsy case
report of fulminant myocarditis: Following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. J
Cardiol Cases. 2022 Dec;26(6):391-394. doi:
10.1016/j.jccase.2022.06.006. Epub 2022 Jul 4. PMID: 35812802; PMCID:
PMC9250935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jccase.2022.06.006
Colombo D, Del Nonno F, Marchioni L, Lalle E, Gallì P,
Vaia F, Falasca L. Autopsies Revealed Pathological Features of COVID-19
in Unvaccinated vs. Vaccinated Patients. Biomedicines. 2023 Feb
14;11(2):551. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11020551. PMID: 36831087; PMCID:
PMC9953314. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020551
Mosna K, Vadkerti P, Papp L, Palkovic M, Janega P, Babal
P. Guillain-Barré syndrome with lethal outcome following covid-19
vaccination – case report supported by autopsy examination. The Open
Neurology Journal. 2022 Mar 10;16(1). doi:10.2174/1874205x-v16-e2207270
https://doi.org/10.2174/1874205x-v16-e2207270
Kaimori R, Nishida H, Uchida T, Tamura M, Kuroki K,
Murata K, Hatakeyama K, Ikeda Y, Amemiya K, Nishizono A, Daa T, Mori S.
Histopathologically TMA-like distribution of multiple organ thromboses
following the initial dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty,
Pfizer/BioNTech): an autopsy case report. Thromb J. 2022 Oct 6;20(1):61.
doi: 10.1186/s12959-022-00418-7. PMID: 36203145; PMCID: PMC9540301.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12959-022-00418-7
Wong HL, Hu M, Zhou CK, Lloyd PC, Amend KL, Beachler DC,
Secora A, McMahill-Walraven CN, Lu Y, Wu Y, Ogilvie RP, Reich C, Djibo
DA, Wan Z, Seeger JD, Akhtar S, Jiao Y, Chillarige Y, Do R, Hornberger
J, Obidi J, Forshee R, Shoaibi A, Anderson SA. Risk of myocarditis and
pericarditis after the COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in the USA: a cohort
study in claims databases. Lancet. 2022 Jun 11;399(10342):2191-2199.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00791-7. PMID: 35691322; PMCID: PMC9183215.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00791-7
Park DY, An S, Kaur A, Malhotra S, Vij A. Myocarditis
after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: A systematic review of case reports and
case series. Clin Cardiol. 2022 Jul;45(7):691-700. doi:
10.1002/clc.23828. Epub 2022 Jun 2. PMID: 35652390; PMCID: PMC9286338.
https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.23828
Baqi DH, Kakamad FH, Mahmood ZH, Fattah FH, Ahmed SF,
Hassan MN, Hama Amin BJ, Mohammed SH, Mikael TM, Hassan HA, Salh AM.
Myocardial infarction following COVID-19 vaccine administration; a
systematic review. Heliyon. 2022 Nov 11;8(11):e11385. doi:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11385. PMID: 36406668; PMCID: PMC9650518.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11385
Zafar U, Zafar H, Ahmed MS, Khattak M. Link between
COVID-19 vaccines and myocardial infarction. World J Clin Cases. 2022
Oct 6;10(28):10109-10119. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.10109. PMID:
36246837; PMCID: PMC9561578. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.10109
Baumeier C, Aleshcheva G, Harms D, Gross U, Hamm C,
Assmus B, Westenfeld R, Kelm M, Rammos S, Wenzel P, Münzel T, Elsässer
A, Gailani M, Perings C, Bourakkadi A, Flesch M, Kempf T, Bauersachs J,
Escher F, Schultheiss HP. Intramyocardial Inflammation after COVID-19
Vaccination: An Endomyocardial Biopsy-Proven Case Series. Int J Mol Sci.
2022 Jun 22;23(13):6940. doi: 10.3390/ijms23136940. PMID: 35805941;
PMCID: PMC9266869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136940
Wangu Z, Swartz H, Doherty M. Multisystem inflammatory
syndrome in children (MIS-C) possibly secondary to COVID-19 mRNA
vaccination. BMJ Case Rep. 2022 Mar 30;15(3):e247176. doi:
10.1136/bcr-2021-247176. PMID: 35354564; PMCID: PMC8968554.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-247176
Ehikhametalor K, Deans-Minott J, Duncan JP. Multisystem
Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults (MIS-A) After COVID-19 Infection and
Recent Vaccination with Recombinant Adenoviral Vector Encoding the Spike
Protein Antigen of SARS-CoV-2 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Vaxzevria). J Intensive
Care Med. 2023 Feb;38(2):232-237. doi: 10.1177/08850666221121589. Epub
2022 Aug 17. PMID: 35979616; PMCID: PMC9389272.
https://doi.org/10.1177/08850666221121589
Zidan A, Noureldin A, Kumar SA, Elsebaie A, Othman M.
COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Immune Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia
(VITT): Diagnostic Discrepancies and Global Implications. Semin Thromb
Hemost. 2023 Feb;49(1):9-14. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1759684. Epub 2023 Jan
5. PMID: 36603593. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759684
Ifeanyi N, Chinenye N, Oladiran O, David E, Mmonu C,
Ogbonna-Nwosu C. Isolated pulmonary embolism following COVID
vaccination: 2 case reports and a review of post-acute pulmonary
embolism complications and follow-up. J Community Hosp Intern Med
Perspect. 2021 Nov 15;11(6):877-879. doi: 10.1080/20009666.2021.1990825.
PMID: 34804412; PMCID: PMC8604520. https://doi.org/10.1080/20009666.2021.1990825
Abraham B, Mohammed Saeed H, Azeez Pasha SA. Acute
respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine
administration in a pregnant woman: A case report. Qatar Med J. 2022 Aug
9;2022(3):40. doi: 10.5339/qmj.2022.40. PMID: 35974885; PMCID:
PMC9372495. https://doi.org/10.5339/qmj.2022.40
Yoshifuji A, Ishioka K, Masuzawa Y, Suda S, Murata S,
Uwamino Y, Fujino M, Miyahara H, Hasegawa N, Ryuzaki M, Hoshino H,
Sekine K. COVID-19 vaccine induced interstitial lung disease. J Infect
Chemother. 2022 Jan;28(1):95-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.09.010. Epub
2021 Sep 20. PMID: 34580010; PMCID: PMC8450284.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2021.09.010
Chen Y, Xu Z, Wang P, Li XM, Shuai ZW, Ye DQ, Pan HF.
New-onset autoimmune phenomena post-COVID-19 vaccination. Immunology.
2022 Apr;165(4):386-401. doi: 10.1111/imm.13443. Epub 2022 Jan 7. PMID:
34957554. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13443
Hosseini R, Askari N. A review of neurological side
effects of COVID-19 vaccination. Eur J Med Res. 2023 Feb 25;28(1):102.
doi: 10.1186/s40001-023-00992-0. PMID: 36841774; PMCID: PMC9959958.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-00992-0
Ajmera K, Bansal R, Wilkinson H, Goyal L.
Gastrointestinal Complications of COVID-19 Vaccines. Cureus. 2022 Apr
12;14(4):e24070. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24070. PMID: 35573556; PMCID:
PMC9097558. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.24070
Skidmore, M. 2023. COVID-19 Illness and Vaccination
Experiences in Social Circles Affect COVID-19 Vaccination Decisions.
Science, Public Health Policy & the Law 4:208-226.
Aarstad, J.; Kvitastein, O.A. Is there a Link between
the 2021 COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Europe and 2022 Excess All-Cause
Mortality?. Preprints.org 2023, 2023020350.
doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0350.v1.
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0350.v1
Beesoon S, Bakal JA, Youngson E, Williams KP, Berzins
SA, Brindle ME, Joffe AM. Excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in
Alberta, Canada. IJID Reg. 2022 Dec;5:62-67. doi:
10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.08.011. Epub 2022 Aug 30. PMID: 36060856; PMCID:
PMC9424127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.08.011
Todd M, Scheeres A. Excess Mortality From Non-COVID-19
Causes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
2020-2021. Am J Public Health. 2022 Dec;112(12):1800-1803. doi:
10.2105/AJPH.2022.307096. PMID: 36383938; PMCID: PMC9670212.
https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307096
Karlinsky A, Kobak D. The World Mortality Dataset:
Tracking excess mortality across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
medRxiv [Preprint]. 2021 Jun 4:2021.01.27.21250604. doi:
10.1101/2021.01.27.21250604. Update in: Elife. 2021 Jun 30;10: PMID:
33532789; PMCID: PMC7852240. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.27.21250604
COVID-19 Excess Mortality Collaborators. Estimating
excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of
COVID-19-related mortality, 2020-21. Lancet. 2022 Apr
16;399(10334):1513-1536. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3. Epub 2022
Mar 10. Erratum in: Lancet. 2022 Apr 16;399(10334):1468. PMID: 35279232;
PMCID: PMC8912932. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3
Msemburi W, Karlinsky A, Knutson V, Aleshin-Guendel S,
Chatterji S, Wakefield J. The WHO estimates of excess mortality
associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature. 2023
Jan;613(7942):130-137. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2. Epub 2022 Dec
14. PMID: 36517599; PMCID: PMC9812776.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2
Shang W, Wang Y, Yuan J, Guo Z, Liu J, Liu M. Global
Excess Mortality during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Oct 12;10(10):1702. doi:
10.3390/vaccines10101702. PMID: 36298567; PMCID: PMC9607451.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101702
Maiese A, Baronti A, Manetti AC, Di Paolo M, Turillazzi
E, Frati P, Fineschi V. Death after the Administration of COVID-19
Vaccines Approved by EMA: Has a Causal Relationship Been Demonstrated?
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Feb 16;10(2):308. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10020308.
PMID: 35214765; PMCID: PMC8875435. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020308
Sessa F, Salerno M, Esposito M, Di Nunno N, Zamboni P,
Pomara C. Autopsy Findings and Causality Relationship between Death and
COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2021 Dec
15;10(24):5876. doi: 10.3390/jcm10245876. PMID: 34945172; PMCID:
PMC8709364. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245876
Pronker ES, Weenen TC, Commandeur H, Claassen EH,
Osterhaus AD. Risk in vaccine research and development quantified. PLoS
One. 2013;8(3):e57755. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057755. Epub 2013 Mar
20. PMID: 23526951; PMCID: PMC3603987.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057755
Falsey AR, Sobieszczyk ME, Hirsch I, Sproule S, Robb ML,
Corey L, Neuzil KM, Hahn W, Hunt J, Mulligan MJ, McEvoy C, DeJesus E,
Hassman M, Little SJ, Pahud BA, Durbin A, Pickrell P, Daar ES, Bush L,
Solis J, Carr QO, Oyedele T, Buchbinder S, Cowden J, Vargas SL,
Guerreros Benavides A, Call R, Keefer MC, Kirkpatrick BD, Pullman J,
Tong T, Brewinski Isaacs M, Benkeser D, Janes HE, Nason MC, Green JA,
Kelly EJ, Maaske J, Mueller N, Shoemaker K, Takas T, Marshall RP,
Pangalos MN, Villafana T, Gonzalez-Lopez A; AstraZeneca AZD1222 Clinical
Study Group. Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19)
Covid-19 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2021 Dec 16;385(25):2348-2360. doi:
10.1056/NEJMoa2105290. Epub 2021 Sep 29. PMID: 34587382; PMCID:
PMC8522798. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2105290
Matar RH, Than CA, Nakanishi H, Daniel RS, Smayra K, Sim
BL, Beran A, Danoun OA. Outcomes of patients with thromboembolic events
following coronavirus disease 2019 AstraZeneca vaccination: a
systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2022 Mar
1;33(2):90-112. doi: 10.1097/MBC.0000000000001113. PMID: 34980833;
PMCID: PMC8815637. https://doi.org/10.1097/MBC.0000000000001113
Jain V, Lorgelly P. The impact of pausing the
Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine on uptake in Europe: a
difference-in-differences analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2022 Aug
1;32(4):648-654. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac039. PMID: 35394507; PMCID:
PMC9341841. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac039
Tan LJ, Koh CP, Lai SK, Poh WC, Othman MS, Hussin H. A
systemic review and recommendation for an autopsy approach to death
followed the COVID 19 vaccination. Forensic Sci Int. 2022
Nov;340:111469. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111469. Epub 2022 Sep 20.
PMID: 36162300; PMCID: PMC9487151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111469
Hulscher N, Hodkinson R, Makis W, McCullough PA. Autopsy
findings in cases of fatal COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis. ESC
Heart Fail. 2024 Jan 14. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.14680. Epub ahead of print.
PMID: 38221509. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.14680
Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, et al. Safety and
Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. N Engl J Med.
2020;383(27):2603-2615. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2034577.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577
Baden LR, El Sahly HM, Essink B, et al. Efficacy and
Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. N Engl J Med.
2021;384(5):403-416. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2035389.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2035389
Beladiya J, Kumar A, Vasava Y, et al. Safety and
efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis of
controlled and randomized clinical trials. Rev Med Virol.
2024;34(1):e2507. doi:10.1002/rmv.2507.
https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2507
Alessandria M, Malatesta GM, Berrino F, Donzelli A. A
Critical Analysis of All-Cause Deaths during COVID-19 Vaccination in an
Italian Province. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(7):1343. doi:
10.3390/microorganisms12071343. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071343
Mead M, Seneff S, Wolfinger R, et al. COVID-19 Modified
mRNA “Vaccines” Part 1: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials, Mass
Vaccination, and the Bio-Pharmaceutical Complex. Vaccine Theory Prac
& Res. 2024;3(1):1112-1178. doi:10.56098/fdrasy50.
https://doi.org/10.56098/fdrasy50
Suzumura Y. Analysis of the Association Between BNT162b2
mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination and Deaths Within 10 Days After Vaccination
Using the Sex Ratio in Japan. Cureus. 2023;15(12):e50144. Published 2023
Dec 7. doi:10.7759/cureus.50144. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50144